Alcohol Dependence - 927 Words

Alcohol is the most commonly used and highly abused drug in the world. In the United States alone, 17.6 million people suffer from alcohol dependence, or better known as alcoholism. Alcoholism is a chronic, progressive disease marked by a growing compulsion to drink and impaired control over drinking that eventually interfere with health and social behavior. It is an addiction that effects more people than just the alcoholic. Over 100,000 Americans die as a result of alcohol abuse. Results prove that alcohol played a role in half of the homicides, suicides and traffic deaths in the United States. It is estimated that alcohol causes 30% of automobile fatalities in the United States (Yi et al., 1999). Alcohol dependence is a disease that†¦show more content†¦Another reason why alcoholics drink is to ‘get rid of their problems.’ Famous American comedian Joe E. Lewis said, â€Å"I drink to forget I drink.† They use alcohol as a way to cope with stress and problems that may occur in their lives. They believe that they are ‘better off’ when they are drinking because that is when they don’t have to deal with the troubles in their life. They rely on alcohol to take care of their problems. Alcoholics also feel like they have to drink to feel good. Physiological dependence occurs when the body adapts to the high use of alcohol and requires this level of use to feel right or maintain its balance. Tolerance to alcohol is one form of physiological dependence. Tolerance means that after continued drinking, consumption of a constant amount of alcohol produces a lesser effect. The higher a person’s alcohol tolerance, the more alcohol it takes to have the same effect as smaller amounts of alcohol used to have on them. Going through withdrawal from alcohol is another type of physiological dependence. Alcohol withdrawal refers to symptoms that may occur when a person who suffers from alcohol dependence suddenly stops d rinking alcohol. Some withdrawal symptoms include anxiety, insomnia and many physical symptoms. (Bayard, Mcintyre,2004) One popular way to help somebody who suffers from alcohol dependence is to give them an intervention. There are a few treatments for alcoholism, bothShow MoreRelatedCauses Of Alcoholism And Alcohol Dependence885 Words   |  4 Pages Causes of Alcoholism Introduction Alcoholism or alcohol dependence is one of the most prevalent problems found among teens and adults alike. But, what exactly is alcoholism? Alcoholism is a chronic disorder marked by excessive and usually compulsive drinking of alcohol leading to [mental] and physical dependence or addiction (Merriam-Webster). However, it is still unclear to scientists as to what particularly forms this addiction. 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MGT101A Chris Bray Case Study Essay - 1542 Words

\ Table of Contents Title Page Number 1.1 Company Background 3 1.2 Aim 3 2.1 Issues 4 2.2 Corporate Culture 4 2.3 Changing Corporate Culture 5 2.4 Leadership and Teamwork in Corporate Culture 5 3.0 Conclusion 6 4.0 Recommendations 6 5.0 References 8 1.1 Company Background Established in 1999, CaterCare Services (CCS) provides remote catering and accommodation services to government, private, and defence organisations in Australia and overseas. CCS boasts of an enriching work experience, providing training, succession planning and development opportunities and offers recognition, rewards programs and supportive leadership. Their†¦show more content†¦(businessdictionary.com) Closing the culture gap is of extreme importance. As the organisation loses sight of its original cultural values, changes in the behaviours and decision making of its employees begin to appear. This can be detrimental to the health and success of the organisation. 2.3 Changing Corporate Culture People are resistant to change. They fear uncertainty and loss of control (Kanter, 2012) therefore changing corporate culture can be a difficult and lengthy task. In Peter Bragman’s article, ‘A Good Way to Change a Corporate Culture’ he discusses how corporate culture begins with its ‘invisible culture’ – a companies deeper values held by organisation members – and to change, an organisation must first create new stories to instil new beliefs into the minds of employees. Ceremonies are a great way to change corporate culture. Trice and Beyer (1984) define ceremonies as a â€Å"special occasions that reinforce valued accomplishments, create bond among people by allowing them to share an important event, and anoint and celebrate heroes.† (Samson and Daft 2009, p.114) Ceremonies are a great way to acknowledge employee accomplishments and create value in an organisation. They recognise heroes who exemplify a companies beliefs and core corporate values and by acknowledging these â€Å"heroes† new stories are created and can help reshape a companies corporate 2.4 Leadership and Teamwork

How Does the Nature of Children’s Friendship Change with Age Free Essays

How does the nature of children’s friendship change with age? Within this essay I will be looking at how children’s friendships change in nature as they age. I will begin first by defining what is meant by the term friendship. I will then examine theories on stage and age development in relation to the development of friendships, exploring research which suggests that the nature of a child’s friendship is based on their age. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does the Nature of Children’s Friendship Change with Age or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will look at conflicting research which suggests that although stage’s of friendship may be categorized, that there is conflicting research to suggest the ages at which this behaviour manifests itself may not be the same for each child. Finally I will summarize by concluding how the nature of children’s friendship changes with age. The very definition of what the term friendship actually means in itself is difficult to clarify and categorize. A dictionary definition defines friendship as an attachment from mutual esteem, and a friend as someone who is loving or attached to another. As an adult it can seem easy to define who are friends are, they are like minded individuals whom we share common interests with, people we trust and socialize with. Other people within our adult life are associates, work colleagues or general acquaintances. The category of friend is reserved for those whom we have developed a bond with and in most cases an emotional attachment to. However, when we consider this in relation to the nature of children’s friendship this dictionary definition and an adults view of friendship may not hold true for all children. It also over simplifies the nature and dynamics involved in friendship. Barnes (2003, pg 49) highlights this when he discusses the many experiences children have of friendship, and the emotions and experiences these friendships expose children to, for example it affords them the opportunity to share experiences, develop communication and develop a sense of closeness to another person, however in contrast to this Barnes tells us that friendships in childhood introduces children to a to conflict situations and emotions such as jealousy, anger and loneliness. Best to leave a line space between paragraphs. The significance of childhood friendships can be a difficult area to gauge. The importance of these relationships and the subsequent impact on a child is not something which can be measured with any certainty. Allison James, an anthropologist, states the difficulty of guaging impact but also acknowledges the significance of childhood relationships and the importance of these ‘friendships’ in preparing children for later life and adult roles. participation in this tangled web of social relationships helps to shape identity and sense of self which is assumed as s/he moves towards adulthood to become a person in society†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. the actual process of socialisation can only ever be haltingly documented† (James, 1993 cited in Kehily and Swann, 2003. pg 51). James admission that research in this area can be difficult to record and analyse is supported by Barnes when he discusses the reminiscing of childhood by a dults in later life â€Å"none of this is to deny the the value of personal reminiscence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ut it serves as a reminder not just to accept it in an unquestioning way† ( Barnes, 2003, pg. 51) American psychologist Robert Selman supports the theory that the nature of children’s friendships is influenced by their social understanding which develops as they age. Selman carried out research whereby he posed ‘dilemma’s’ through scenarios to children aged between three and fifteen, he then questioned the children on their solutions to these dilemma’s and recorded these interviews. In doing this Selman came to the conclusion that the nature of friendship could be categorized into four distinct stages, related to four distinct ages. Barnes (2003, pg 56) outlines Selman’s four stages, ‘Momentary physical playmate† this is the stage whereby children, usually around the age of three to five will categorize their friends as those who live in their locality, go to the same school and who partake in similar activities. The second stage is ‘ One-way assistance’ this is the stage whereby children do things to please another, within this stage Selman acknowledges that although at this stage children may try to adapt to others the friendship is still one sided and there is little evidence of the reciprocal nature of friendship, the age at which this occurs in most children is between the age of six to eight years old. The third stage of Selmans theory is the â€Å"fairweather co-operation† stage usually evident in children aged between nine and twelve years. Within this stage children begin to see the consequence of their actions and begin to act accordingly, that is to say they appreciate that their actions and the actions of their friends are now evaluated and hence they begin to become adaptable taking into account the thoughts, needs and preferences of their ‘friends’. Within this stage Selman argues that children may encounter conflict and disagreements which in turn may cause these friendships to peter out as opposed to enduring. Selmans final stage is called â€Å"mutual concern† this is usually seen around the ages of eleven to fifteen. Within this stage Selmans research suggested that children have developed the skills required to develop stronger friendships based on a mutal understanding Within this stage friendships can survive minor conflicts, Selman acknowledges the fact that, through his research, he found the way in which children describe their friendship has now changed, he found that descriptions were not based on physical descriptions, which had been the case with younger children but were now based on psychological attributes. Selman’s theories on stage development of friendships can be compared with other researchers who also concluded that their were specific points in a child’s life whereby the nature of their friendship differed dependent on age, Barnes (2003, pg 55) comments on Bigelow and La Gaipa (1980) who also categorized the nature of friendship based on particular age/stage brackets. Bigelow and La Gaipa argued that the changing nature of friendship developed alongside children’s cognitive development. That is to say as children develop their cognitive understanding and have experiences of social interaction and the nature of their friendships develop and this can be categorized in general terms into particular ages. Barnes uses Zick Rubin, an American psychologist, to illustrate this staging theory, â€Å"Rubin (1980) likens this to climbing a ladder and resting at each rung in order to consolidate the new level of interpersonal awareness that has been achieved† (Barnes,2003, cited in Kehily and Swann). This categorization of stage development is not a new concept in the 1950’s and 1960’s Jean Piaget a Swiss psychologist through years of research developed theories regarding child development and the stages which children will act in a certain way based on their cognitive development, however â€Å"Increasingly psychologists have adopted a ‘lifespan perspective’ which recognizes that development is a process that continues from birth to death†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ he end of childhood, as well as the beginning and middle, is not fixed by chronological age’ (Morrow, 2003). It is therefore important not to wholly focus on the age of a child and assume that they will fit into a pre-defined category or stage, in my opinion what Morrow highlights for us is that development isn’t fixed in to particular ages and stages, it suggests to me the way in which children and adults act can be determined by other factors such as their surroundings and the experience s they have. Avoid using too many quotations in U212 essays – use them sparingly. We want to hear your answer primarily in your words. Although it can be argued that â€Å"slotting†children’s friendship development solely into age brackets isn’t conclusive, it is helpful in determining the changing nature of friendship. By using stage development theories such as Selman’s or Piaget’s theories on the cognitive development of children we can use these ‘stages’ to further explore the changing nature of friendship within a wider context. In the case of Selman, research was carried out by interviewing children of varying ages and asking them to comment on scenarios, a different approach in determining the changing nature of friendship has been explored through the observation of children in the context of play and life experiences and comparing these social interactions against the stage models. By taking an ethnographic approach studying children, this involves the direct observation and analysis of their communications, sociologist William Cursaro (1985) explored the way in which children talked about friendship with each other. Through his studies Cursaro identified six distinct ways in which children talked in relation to friendship these included instances whereby children talked about ‘friends’ as a method to gain access to play or categorized ‘friends’ as the people they were playing with. Cursaro’s research was based around children aged between three and five year old and in his findings highlights that empathetic behaviour is displayed even in children at this young age, if we compare this to Selmans stages of friendship development this empathetic behaviour should be seen at around the age of eleven onwards according to his research. Barnes (2003, pg 61) uses Allison James own findings from her study of four year olds to support Cursaro’s findings. James (1993) suggests â€Å"through it’s discrete performance that children learn about and experience friendship, which means that social contexts in which children find themselves, not simply their age, play the greater part in shaping children’s understanding of the concept† James and Cursaro offer a contrasting view to that of Selman and Piaget in the way in which children develop their friendships. It is clear that age alone can not truly determine how a child will behave towards their ‘friends’ and that considerations relating to social experiences and environmental influences have to be taken into account. Common held beliefs, discourses, can also influence the way in which children will behave and react in relation to friends and friendship, factors such as culture, gender and social status will also have a bearing on a child or adults behaviour and thus influence the way in which they behave and feel they should behave. What is clear is that research offers no definitive model on the changing nature of children’s friendships it cannot be precise in relation to age when a child will move from one stage to another it merely confirms the fluid nature of friendships. Previous sentence is too long and is actually three separate sentences. However what is apparent is the importance and significance of friendships need linking words or an introduction of some sort here for this quote;gt; â€Å"friendships are among the central ingredients in children’s lives from as early as age three†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. through adolescence. Friendships occupy, both in their actual conduct and in the world of thought and fantasy, a large proportion of children’s waking hours. They are often the sources of children’s greatest pleasures and deepest frustrations. † ( Rubin,1980, cited in Barnes, 2003, pg 52). How to cite How Does the Nature of Children’s Friendship Change with Age, Papers

Innovation Plan The Proposed Innovation

Question: Discuss about theInnovation Planfor the Proposed Innovation. Answer: Introduction This includes the proposed innovation and how to achieve it discusses the vision mission and needs of the organisation and how the innovation would help the business to achieve its objectives. The executive summary gives the whole outline of the innovation plan. The Proposed Innovation The innovation involves a mobile networking app that can be used to connect the company and the customers. The innovation is to be done on an existing idea, and software development is to be used to develop the app that can store customer details and location automatically, the app can be used for messaging services and is primarily designed to enhance customer relations and marketing services. This innovation is needed to enable direct dissemination of information between the company and the clients concerning products and customer needs. The innovation is required to put the company in a strategic position to compete effectively in the dynamic market environment. The mission of the organisation is to lead innovation and generate new ideas as it pursues its overall objectives. It looks forward to having a competitive advantage and increasing its revenues in the both the long run and short run by using new ideas and innovations. How to Achieve the Mission The company should put in place a collaborative working environment to foster innovation and budgeting system should be flexible to provide room for creativity and development of ideas into new products for the benefit of the organisation. Therefore innovation should be emphasised in the company and teamwork approach should be used to achieve the desired results. Strategic Change Chart There are major proposed changes in the organisation in the ways of marketing its products and interacting with the customers. Current condition Proposed change Impact Traditional marketing strategies are being used e.g. advertisement and use of sales person. Online marketing platform is to be developed in which a mobile app can be used to connect the customers and the company directly, and information can be shared quickly between the customers and the company. Increased sales and reduction in the cost of marketing is expected, the company can engage with the customers directly without involving intermediaries. Efficient communication is expected through the use of the mobile app. Public Statement Online marketing is to be enabled by the innovation and traditional marketing procedures are to be dropped. The mobile networking app is to change the mode of communication between the customers, the public and the company as their contact details and location are automatically saved in the app and messaging services is also provided by innovation. Proposed Importance The mobile networking app can connect customers and the company irrespective of location and uses a 3g internet connection that is affordable by many people. The app has a direct impact on increasing the volume of sales per day and the company can get more revenue than expected. Marketing costs are reduced since the number of sales forces is to be reduced considerably when the app is put in full operation. Proposed Use The app will store information about the customer tastes and preferences and other changing client needs which can be used to make decisions in the organisation. Mission, Needs and Vision Statement Mission Statement The innovation is in line with core values and mission of the institution. The innovation enables efficient marketing and reduction of costs for the organisation and provides an opportunity to apply the new technology in pursuit of organisational goals and objectives. The innovation is to serve the customers and the general public since information about the company is readily available in the app. Vision Statement The app can be developed in future to meet the diverse needs of the organisation and can be used together with other communication platforms to provide before sales services e.g. description on the use of products and other product display to the customers about the utilisation of the outputs. The company is likely to increase efficiency on its operations once the innovation is put into practice and the company will be done in a strategic position to compete effectively with other business organisations. Statement of Need The innovation is required in the team because of the dynamic changes in the business environment where customer focus is considered a priority. Creating a platform where the company can interact with a client directly is a milestone improvement and the organisation is deemed to improve its operations. The innovation will benefit all the stakeholders of the enterprise and will be vital for the efficient decision-making process because required information can readily be obtained through customer research in the mobile networking app. Barriers Likely to be Faced Innovation comes with benefits, but its application should be used cautiously considering the risks that may be involved. Barriers may include inadequate resources both financially and skilled labour to develop and modify the networking app. Employees may also resist the change. How Flexibility will be Created by the Innovation The innovation will create room for flexibility e.g. the app can be modified to serve the client needs, and information about new products can be shared, and customer suggestions can be considered to streamline the organisational objectives to the dynamic changes in the environment and business dynamics. Schedule of Innovation The innovation is to be developed in 3 phases, where the first stage is communicating to the group members about the idea and discussing ways to improve the concept into a product. The second step is to carry out a feasibility study on the benefits of the advantages of the information, finally, involve experts to develop the ideas. Operation To improve the product, professionals with bias in finance, IT and marketing with requisite skills should be required to develop the innovation into the intended product. Flexibility Chart The current procedure The new procedure Why flexibility is needed This explains the existing situation in the organisation before the change is made. For example, before the innovation of the mobile networking application This shows the new procedure that is necessitated by the novelty. To illustrate this, the mobile networking application may create new ways of connecting customers and marketing the product This shows the importance of compatibility of the innovation with the objectives of the business. The mobile networking app can be used by an organisation whose primary purpose is to provide service or goods to customers. Budget The budget shows the expected expenditures that would be incurred in executing the innovation. It includes the cost of ensuring the change is successful. In the case of the mobile app, proper budgeting is important so as to avoid inconveniences that may result from lack of funds. The source of funds should clearly be known. The firm must also plan appropriately and investigate the financial strength of the business. Capacity of the Innovation Panel The innovation group must have the right powers to develop the project. These may encompass experience, skills, determination and commitment. They should also have the right academic qualifications to execute the innovation. Innovation Time Table This shows the time frame within which the change us expected to be completed. The timetable shows the stages of the whole process. The timing is critical in planning appropriately for the project. The organisation should come up with the appropriate timetable to enable consequential execution of the innovation process. Proposed Goals of the Firm This explains the expectations of the business from the novelty. If the innovation is successful, these goals should be accomplished. The innovation panel should clearly state the expected goals to be achieved by the innovation. This may include efficiency, time-saving, and accuracy of transactions. Attachments The innovation committee must attach the letter of commitment, the qualifications and individual resumes. They should also develop and attach the appropriate business improvement plan.

Three Major Influences In The Play Macbeth Essay Example For Students

Three Major Influences In The Play Macbeth Essay There are three major influences in the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare. The three major influences are the witches, Lady Macbeth, and Macbeth but only one of them is responsible for the downfall of Macbeth. At first it would appear that Lady Macbeth and Macbeths marriage is an equal partnership. But as the play continues it is evident that Lady Macbeth was the dominant of the two characters, she could have persuaded Macbeth to do anything if she so wished. And though she does not openly exercise her power over him in public, in private she often uses humiliation and emotional bribery to manipulate Macbeth to execute her will. We will write a custom essay on Three Major Influences In The Play Macbeth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Lady Macbeth is not a typical woman of Shakespearean time in this play. In that time a woman would just be at home cooking, cleaning and looking after the children. They wouldnt have an active role in public life. However Shakespeare has created Lady Macbeth as untraditional. She talks to Macbeth about his problems, insults him, doubts his honor and courage. A woman might have been badly beaten for saying something like it but Shakespeare has made Macbeth tolerate that and it has great effects on him. Because of Lady Macbeths influence it can be argued that Lady Macbeth is responsible for Macbeths downfall. Her actions certainly help him decide on his deeds. Lady Macbeths relationship with Macbeth goes deeper then that of the witches. The witches act only as a trigger to start the events in the play and Lady Macbeth herself is the driving force behind Macbeths actions. Macbeth takes actions that lead to his downfall. Although he takes the actions, he would not have done this if the witches had not told him that he would be king in Act I Scene III. The witches introduce Macbethss fate. At the beginning of the play they plan to meet with Macbeth and they say Fair is foul, and foul is fair. This line shows foreshadowing; it makes the audience know that something unfair and evil will occur. Macbeths goal was not to become king until the witches made him believe it was his destiny. In the play, Macbeths destiny was paved out by the witches. Destiny is not something that can be changed. A person has control of his/her destiny. Macbeths destiny was suggested by the witches, he listened to their suggestions and followed them. In Act I, Scene III, the witches tell Macbeth that he is Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor and that he shalt be king hereafter. Immediately after hearing the witches prophecies that he will be king, Macbeth thinks that he must kill the current king to become king himself. If the witches had not met Macbeth, he would not have become king. His ambition grew more after they told him he would become king of Scotland. The witches seem to have been planning on meeting him because they knew he was going to the impossible in order to become king. If the witches had never met Macbeth, he would remain being Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth would have continued to be loyal and would have not betrayed God, the King, Scotland and himself. Macbeth would not have acted paranoid and see his life as an empty meaningless charade. Macbeths character changes throughout the play. At the start he is a war hero brave Macbeth who has defeated the enemy. He becomes greedy and wants power. His doubts come into his mind about whether he should kill Duncan and after that he becomes obsessed with the prophesies and wanting to wipe out anyone that doubts him as king. .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b , .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b .postImageUrl , .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b , .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b:hover , .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b:visited , .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b:active { border:0!important; } .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b:active , .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0c41d367cc9fb5f0efc3506c9cdd799b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Romeo and Juliet EssayAt the beginning of the play Macbeth is introduced as the conquering hero who has just defeated the enemy. Also at the end he is shown as a warrior who has died in battle. This is when Macduff kills him. In a way he is sort of a tragic hero because he was a hero at the start but power hungry his greed got the better of him and this was quite tragic. His meeting with the witches make him consider himself as king. Before his encounter and during it he was surprised by their prophecies and intrigued after that. He begins to ponder the idea of being king while Banquo dismisses the witches. Lady Macbeth influence on him is big, that it has a subconscious effect on Macbeth. When Macbeth begins to ponder and lose faith in the idea of killing the king, she redirects him back onto the path of killing Duncan. I also think Shakespeare was also showing that Macbeth tolerated her and they must have loved each other very much. However that love deteriorated as the play went on because Macbeth didnt involve her in the murders of Banquo and Macduffs family. Before the murder of Duncan Shakespeare makes Macbeth doubt whether he should kill Duncan or not. When he says things like I am his kinsman he hath borne his faculties so meek and so clear in his great office he is saying what a good man Duncan is and how he is meant to be loyal to him. But he says it is only his vaulting ambition that is driving him on. Then when he asks Lady Macbeth if Duncan has asked for him ,he says we will proceed no further but Lady Macbeth asks Duncan if he is afeard or if art in desire of his to kill Duncan. Macbeth at this point must have been swinging either side of if he should kill Duncan. When Lady Macbeth ask him live a coward in thine own esteem I think he gets very annoyed this is shown by his reaction I dare do all that may become a man and after Lady Macbeths has said that she has given suck and it would make Macbeth more than what he is if he killed Duncan. This is where he changes his mind. Macduff joins forces with Duncans son Malcolm and the English to go and defeat Macbeth and give the Scottish throne to the rightful king. Macbeth was killed at the end of a play by a man not born of woman (Macduff) just as the witches prophesised. The person who is mostly responsible for Macbeths downfall is Macbeth. Banquo, a good man wasnt influenced or believed in any of the witches but Macbeth however did. There had to be some desire to be king inside him that would make him kill. All the witches and Lady Macbeth did was coach him and make him realise his true potential. Even the witches didnt do that they just said he would be king and not how he was going to become king. He decided his own course of action.

The wave of the future essays

The wave of the future essays The wave of the future is drowning out very quickly. All the technology we have created will bit the dust before the systems really are used. At the end of the century all systems that have calendars to monitor systems or use calendars to show dates will shut down all at once. Major electronic systems such as elevators, alarm systems, fax machines, telephones, cars with computer systems will be nothing more than paper weights or wall designs nothing more. For years computers and electronic equipment were programmed to recognize a two digit year such as 98 for 1998. Consequently these systems may not function correctly when a new year appear as to be a lower number than the previous year, such as 00 for 2000. The year 2000 could be interpreted as 1900, causing major errors, stoppages, and unpredictable results that can seriously impact a business. The most electronically based operations would of the banking world were the date change would effect anything from tyme accounts to intere st balancing calculations. For example, in a banking application, if the interest is calculated for a given period by subtracting the years in two different dates, the code segment for above calculation will work if the given dates are between 01-Jan-1900 & 31-DEC-1999. whereas, if the code is used to calculate the difference between 01-Jan-1999 and 01-Jan-2000 the results will be interpreted wrongly. "How could the Year2000 Problem happen?" this is the first question asked by everyone who knows and hears of this problem. The Y2K problem has always been there and programmers were aware of this problem for years. Since programmers thought that the problem is to arise only after some decades, it was not given much importance. Now Y2K crisis is on top of us, the issue is critical universally. From the discussion of what is Y2K and how the problem arose,we are aware of the effect the problem will have. From the technical point of view two things could happen...

Between the Law and Your School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Between the Law and Your School - Essay Example This can be explained using four illustrations. First is the issue of the Supremacy Clause, which makes it clear that all laws passed by the Congress succeed the constitution or state law. Most specifically, Article IV of the second clause provides that the Constitution and the U.S laws are the supreme laws of the country, with all the judges in every State being under them. Secondly, Federalism provides that the U.S government is a national entity on its own, rather than a federation of States, and thus states will always be sovereign entities in the Nation’s system. Federal law also supersedes State laws to meet the terms of preemption. Courts are expected to identify the extent and substance of federal preemption and protect State laws as extensive as possible. In case of any conflict between the two bodies, courts entail preemption of State laws in absence of express preemption. When State and Federal laws contradict, there emerges a state of conflict preemption. During su ch an occurrence, the federal law often preempts the State law so long as it is a constitutional application of federal authority. The legal system has evolved over the last twenty years, thus affecting the state of the legal framework. A few illustrations can be used to explain this move, and in this context, the evolutions in education law and rules some thirty years ago and the noticeable effects they have had on public schools in the U.S. In 1954, the Court’s Brown versus The Board of Education banned segregated schools (Stevens, 2001). Some few years later, in Community Schools versus Seattle School District, there was a rule by the Supreme court that public school districts ensure they had a given percentage of learners of ethnic minorities over the white learners, thus reversing the anticipated effects of Brown v Board. This marks a huge evolution in the regulations affecting public schools. Apart from the two laws, there was the law of â€Å"No Child Left Behind† formulated by the Congress and the President. It laid a foundation for specific funding and testing guidelines and totally changed the way in which public schools in America offered education (Alexander & Alexander, 2011). Having addressed the issue of legal framework and its effects on public schools, it is important to address how it differs between private and public schools. In terms of funding, public schools are financed by the federal, State, or local government. On the other hand, private schools are funded by private sources, meaning that they are not subject to the rules and regulations laid down by the State on finance issues. The requirements in admissions also differ in that, while public schools must admit and educate every child, private schools decide on whom to admit and in which way. All public schools are guided by the same basic set of federal and local education regulations. The laws generally address the topics of school curriculum, educational program conte nt, funding, and budgets. Given the reason that taxpayers are responsible for the costs incurred by public schools, there is no tuition included in attending. In comparison, private schools follow the government regulations but they are more flexible especially in financial issues. This is based on the fact that they do not finance their operations using tax payers’ money, thus not much limited on the way they use their resources (Stevens, 2001). Not only does the State provide legal frameworks to govern public schools,

The analysis of the business strategies of Gene one Research Paper

The analysis of the business strategies of Gene one - Research Paper Example Moreover frequent changes in leadership in the Food and Drug Administration have further increased investors confidence in the same. Thus the board has made it a point to increase the company’s growth target by 40%. However this is not possible to happen without the company being made public in the coming three years. However, this is not free from some hurdles. It involves costs in the form of IPO capital for the new developments, costs in the form of advertisements and huge marketing expenses to retain success in the market. There is also an issue that investors have been becoming increasingly cautious about the biotech investments because of a prevailing scandal in human genome sequencing. Despite of the fact that it is a different company this is sure to create negative publicity for the industry at large. This would have to be overcome by showing that it possessed the leadership capacity and technology which was required to operate in future. Stakeholder Perspectives/Ethi cal Dilemmas The idea was to develop two new breakthrough technologies along with the development of six new and innovative products which would be based on the current technology. However, this would necessarily mean need for new technical expertise and skills which would consequently make the prevailing human expertise obsolete and redundant and this would consequently have impact on the employees in the organization. Changing the technology application and usage might call for job cuts and company downsizing. However, the situation would confront with certain ethical dilemmas and constraints. Job cuts would spoil the reputation of the company largely and abrupt changes in the present job structures and... The paper throws light on considerable opportunities for growth considering the high growth phase of the industry segment that the Gene One operates. However, in order to realize the ambitious goals of the company it is very essential to ensure organizational excellence. This calls for effective leadership skills on the part of the leader of the organization. The business leader must essentially have the vision and long term planning skills in order to ensure business growth. The leader must follow a democratic approach in dealing with the employees. This would ensure participation from all the quarters of the organization that would instill greater trust and confidence among the employees. In addition to this effective leadership in the organization would also ensure greater job satisfaction that would lead to motivation among the employees of the organization. This is very important as employees or the human resources are the ultimate assets for any organization and the success of an organization is highly dependent upon the performance of the workforce. Finally, there should be careful planning and co-ordination as well as risk management techniques that can help in monitoring and evaluation. An effective leader must also ensure complete responsibility of the entire project so as to ensure long term sustainable competitive edge for the organization in the long run so as to help make Gene One a corporate giant as well as a formidable brand in the global market and help maintain sustainability and profitability in the long run.

Zha Reflection week 7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Zha Reflection week 7 - Assignment Example e and the interest, the title, ‘a hidden genetic code,’ reminds me of the potential that gene arrangements have in understanding and managing disorders. This has motivated an interest and I am able to understand the concept that studying genetic arrangements can help in understanding relationships between diseases and genetic arrangements for better management strategies such as inducing genetic patterns that are more tolerant to disease strains or that can constrain effects of diseases on protein balance in the body. Perceiving possible solution to genetic complication motivated me to understand every aspect of the text (Reuell 1). My experience with academic knowledge on genetics has also shaped my understanding from the article on Exon skipping. Images of genetic strands composes a greater percentage of the article and even though I had never encountered the dystrophin gene strand, my background knowledge of DNA patterns has ensured my understanding of the strands, causes of Becker muscular dystrophy, and genetic approach to minimizing effects of the disorder (The New York Times 1). My experience and interest in genetics has also helped me to understand Daniel’s motivation to develop his DNA art. In addition, I have understood possible relationship between people’s preferences for DNA patterns and the people’s personality traits and preferences. These can be investigated and be applied in human behavior management (The Telegraph 1). The Telegraph. â€Å"DNA artwork created by German university student.† The Telegraph. September 7, 2008. Web. March 10, 2015.

The Whole Language Or Phonics Approach

The Whole Language Or Phonics Approach Critically analyse and discuss the benefits and shortcomings in teaching reading through a phonics approach in comparison to a whole language methodology. What are your views about each approach? Support your arguments with references from related literature. Teaching students to read is a vital educational aim. Reading gives opportunities and opens up new worlds. Learning to read, will enable students gain new knowledge, enjoy texts, and do everyday life things. The phonics and the whole language approaches are two main methods to reading, a debate that still rages among educators, parents, and experts. Which approach to teaching reading works best? Whole language approach Teachers using the whole language approach are expected to provide rich environment texts for students combined with speaking, listening, reading and writing. This approach emphasise the meaning of texts over the sounds of letter and phonics instruction. Krammer and Holland found out that the whole language approach is considered a top down approach meaning the reader use his prior knowledge to interpret and construct his personal meaning of the text he is reading. In my opinion I think that this approach provides a better understanding of the text and a more interesting and creative approach to reading but it may come at the expense of accuracy and correctness. Phonics approach The phonics approach has five key elements to teaching. These are: Learning the letter sounds Learning letter formation Blending Identifying sounds in words Spelling the tricky words (Jolly Phonics: Lloyd, S.) Kelly believes that good phonic skills will help students become better readers. It provides a secure grasp of the essential sound and spelling patterns that words are composed of. There are 44 key phonemes in the English language. Some of these are single alphabet sounds such as s-a-t-p-i-n, but others may be combinations of letters like sh, ck or ie. (Kelly, 2009) Now, I will discuss the benefits and drawbacks in teaching reading through a phonics approach in comparison to a whole language methodology. Benefits in teaching reading through a phonics approach Using the phonics approach to reading helps the reader to build better the pronunciation and word recognition (Krammer and Holland). When an individual starts to pronounce words correctly, it also starts to build confidence to speak up more often (English for Life, 2008). Improved decoding success creates a secure reader. Facility and ease in identifying polysyllabic words, and in inferring their meanings from a knowledge of prefixes, suffixes, and roots, help students with comprehension (Chall, J. Popp, H.). Teaching phonics can help students develop the skills to read smoothly and accurately. When faced with a new word, a student will have an arsenal of tools with which to puzzle it out and call it by namerecognizing familiar letter combinations and accessing their recollection of similar words. Students who are secure in their ability to figure out unfamiliar words are more eager to read new and longer texts. (Matthews, 2010) Readers cannot rely only on the use of context and picture clues. Wiley Blevins stated that students need to have a repertoire of strategies to draw on to become skilled, fluent readers. Phonics approach helps with the spelling far more than the memorisation and guess work of the whole language approach (Krammer and Holland). A person will be able to pronounce and spell correctly when he hears words. For this reason, phonics will help him improve his reading and writing skills (English for Life, 2008). Drawbacks in teaching reading through a phonics approach Although the phonics approach might work for some students, it may not work equally well for others. This is due to diverse individual learning abilities. For example: Students with hearing challenges may find it difficult to connect sounds and letter groups. Students with dyslexia often reverse groups of letters, causing confusion with phonetic learning. Besides that, some children learn to read more easily using other methods. For instance, the whole language approach teaches children to recognise entire words, rather than individual sounds (Enne, V.). I agree with Krammer and Holland that when it comes to reading using the phonics approach a child may have difficulty understanding the full meaning of a text, due to the constant breaking down of words into parts. This will also bring boredom; children would not be able to enjoy the text contrary to the whole language approach. Fleury declares that phonics does not connect the children with literature, as the whole language approach does. The connection to literature helps to make reading more interesting. It is true that phonics helps children to sound out many different words but there are other words that do not follow simple phonetic rules. These words, called outlaw words, will still need to be memorised. Nearly 50 percent of all English words are outlaw words. (Available from: http://www.ehow.com/list_6856037_drawbacks-teaching-phonics_.html) Should you categorise students and push one teaching method? In my opinion I think that I balanced approach should be used in teaching reading. The National Reading Panel determined that phonics instruction is only one part of a complete reading program for beginning readers. Effective beginning reading programs should also emphasize reading fluency, vocabulary development, and text comprehension. (Available from: www.univo.edu.sv:8081/tesis/019961/019961_Cap2.pdf) In 1996, Honig, stated that a balanced approach is needed to teach reading. He described it as an approach that combines the language and literature-rich activities associated with whole language activities aimed at enhancing meaning, understanding, and the love of language with explicit teaching skills as needed to develop fluency associated with proficient readers. In the article Curriculum: Whole Language and Phonics: Can They Work Together? written by Cromwell, S. (1997) says that Supporters of the whole language approach think childrens literature, writing activities, and communication activities can be used across the curriculum to teach reading; backers of phonics instruction insist that a direct, sequential mode of teaching enables students to master reading in an organised way. There is an ongoing debate on which is the best way to teach a child how to read. Phonics helps children to pronounce better and recognise the words. It helps them far more than memory and guess work used in the whole language approach. Formulas learned in phonics can be applied repeatedly. On the other hand, using the whole language approach helps children to understand better different types of texts. It is much more interesting and creative to reading rather than the phonics approach. Whole language approach emphasises on meaning and comprehension. Children memorise large numbers of sight words and learn to read by reading. I do not have enough experience but I can speak from my 3 years of teaching practice. I believe that both approaches must be used hence using a balanced reading approach. Most children learn through an amalgamation of skills. Each method offers different strategies. One has to remove the idea of one size fits all and keep in mind that every child is different. There is no one best method to teach children. Educationworld.com says that Many combinations and permutations are necessary to provide an optimal learning environment for an entire class of readers A teacher must be careful when teaching reading keeping in mind the different abilities of his students and focusing on literature and fun. After all, it is the teacher who makes the difference in the learning process. I believe that a teacher should provide time to read to his students often, choral read with them and also give them time to read both alone and in pairs. I remember that when I used to teach phonics through word games, to year 2 students, it used to work. Students where learning by having fun. Spending only a brief time each day on phonics and doing no more than one worksheet daily I eliminated boredom. It is important to try other reading approaches for students who are not able to learn phonics easily. Through research, I found out that recorded books or story writing might help. I make it a point that in my classroom I have a library. Unfortunately I have been in some schools where school libraries are not available. Students who have social problems how can they be exposed to literacy? It is highly important to expose children to books. It is important to have books in classroom so that students can browse, read and discuss them. Krammer and Holland state that when using a balanced reading approach, a teacher should provide as much structure as possible and some step-by-step skill work, especially for analytic students, while emphasising literature and fun. Also, a teacher should provide sufficient tools for decoding words, using small amounts of direct instruction in phonics for auditory and analytic learners. Tape-recording phonics lessons will help students to work independently to improve their skills. Visual learners tend to benefit from the whole language approach while auditory learners rely more on phonics since they hear the sound of letters and identify words. A balanced reading approach will probably be most beneficial! Finally I conclude using a balanced approach to teach reading will probably be most beneficial. IAE (2003) discovered that both research and classroom practices support the use of a balanced approach in instruction. The motive for this is because reading depends on efficient word recognition and comprehension. I agree that therefore instruction should develop reading skills and strategies, as well as build on the learners knowledge through the use of authentic texts. (Bernhardt, 1991; Bernhardt, 2000; Hulstijn, 1991; Kamil, Mosenthal Pearson, 2000; Snow Burns Griffin, 1998)

Wrestling - The Greatest Sport :: essays research papers

Wrestling - The Greatest Sport My heart beats faster as I approach my opponent. My enemy stands as a colossus although I know in my mind he is my only equal. The crowd grows louder as we step on our lines, and the only thought echoing through my mind is "shoot for the leg!". These are the happenings before every match, and yet I still return. Wrestling, in my mind is one of the greatest sports. The idea of a battle between two equal men, both striving for the same goal is something I live for. Different people wrestle for different reasons, but what I wrestle for is the exhilaration, and the principals behind the sport of which I take so seriously. Wrestling, fortunately; is not just two sweaty men rolling on the mat. It is rather, a fight. A fight in which each combatant must push their-self to the final limits of total exertion. This great fight, although very tiring, gives you the greatest feeling after you defeat your opponent. For this feeling, and this feeling only is why I wrestle. This hard to explain feeling is like a rush of adrenaline that makes you want to kick the crap out of Mike Tyson. It is one of the greatest natural rushes one could possibly imagine, short of sticking a needle in ones own arm. The ideas behind wrestling are more then the thick headed thoughts of- "Throw em to the ground and put all your weight on em!"- but rather, use each move with precision, not force. When a move is executed, there are at least ten counter moves for it. Therefore; one must wrestle with his mind - backing each attack with the plan for another one. This form of two or even three-way thinking, is crucial to the success of a struggling player. To be a good wrestler, one must also be able to change from offense to defense in a matter of milliseconds. Countless times before, I have seen players who would stay offensive all the way until they were pinned. A simple arm motion could change the fate of the match, and one must be prepared for that